星期三, 12 11 月, 2025
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Home商业贸易为何你的银行账户可能会被“取消服务”(debanked)

为何你的银行账户可能会被“取消服务”(debanked)

在CTV报道了加拿大皇家银行(RBC)无理由终止与一位三十年老客户的业务关系后,已有100多人站出来分享自己被银行“解约”的经历。

个案一:RBC 30天内要求销户
安大略Alliston居民Tomas Nassab上月收到RBC来信,被告知银行将终止与他的关系,给他30天时间关闭账户并转走资金。
Case 1: RBC 30-day notice
Tomas Nassab… received a letter from RBC informing him he had 30 days to close his accounts and move his money.

报道发布后,CTV又收到了数十名读者的类似反馈。许多人的信用卡、信用额度、储蓄、商业与支票账户都收到了“取消服务”的信函,且未提供任何理由
After publication, dozens more said they received debanking letters with no explanation.

有的人不解:自己从不透支、按时还款为何仍被“踢走”;也有人认为,是因为他们对银行服务提出了“合理投诉”。
Some wondered why this happened to seemingly exemplary customers; others wondered if complaints about service triggered it.

个案二:BMO两周通知影响养老金
Carol Khan,73岁,对CTV多伦多表示,蒙特利尔银行(BMO)只给了她两周时间关闭账户,这不足以将她的养老金改投新账户。
Case 2: BMO two-week notice and pensions
Carol Khan, 73, said BMO gave her two weeks’ notice, not enough time to redirect pensions.

信中给了一个咨询电话,但她致电后被告知**“无能为力”。BMO最终延长了期限,让她的养老金转入新开的加拿大丰业银行**账户,但她表示整个过程“非常羞辱”。
She was told nothing could be done. BMO later extended the deadline for deposits to her new Scotiabank account, but she found the experience “very degrading.”


个案三:BMO来信称“超出风险偏好”
Rob Palfrey,62岁,在BMO有一个五年前开的支票账户,主要用于给分居妻子转账支付房租
Case 3: “Outside our risk appetite”
Rob Palfrey… used a BMO chequing account to pay his estranged wife and rent.

9月中旬,他收到BMO来信,称将在10月16日终止业务关系,理由是:

“您的个人和/或业务活动超出我行的风险偏好,因此我们没有适当的依据继续维持银行关系。”
In mid-September, BMO said his activities fall outside our risk appetite.

Palfrey质疑:是不是因为他没有信用卡、贷款或额度,银行“赚不到钱”?他表示可以关户,但“想知道为什么”。
He wondered if it was because he had no credit products: “Close the account, but I want to know why.”

BMO未就个案直接回应,仅表示:

“我们是否提供服务,会综合监管指引及我行风险偏好考量。”
BMO: decisions consider regulatory guidelines and risk appetite.


为什么会被银行“解约”?

Why does this happen?

根据加拿大银行业申诉专员(OBSI),银行与客户是商业关系,银行并不被要求说明原因。
Per OBSI, banks are not required to disclose reasons for closing accounts.

多伦多大学金融学教授Andreas Park表示,辱骂或不当对待银行员工等“简单”原因都可能导致被“debanked”。
Prof. Andreas Park: even mistreating staff can trigger debanking.

自TD因反洗钱(AML)项目失败被罚巨额罚金后,加拿大银行可能提高了敏感度,更留意客户资金的来源与去向。
After TD’s massive AML fines, banks may be more sensitive about sources/uses of funds.

“如果客户频繁从监管宽松的海外地区收款、或与赌场加密货币交易所往来,可能被视作高风险。”
Spending time at casinos or receiving funds from crypto exchanges can be red flags.

银行会将各类数据点输入风控系统,超过阈值会触发进一步审查。
Banks feed data points into systems; crossing thresholds prompts review.

Park认为,鉴于银行对个人生活的重要性,银行有责任解释原因并提供申诉路径——除非客户有不当行为
Park: given banks’ privileged position, they should explain and offer recourse—unless there’s misbehavior.

然而,OBSI指出,大多数账户协议写明银行可无理由关闭账户;少数协议会在透支疑似不当使用时告知。
However, OBSI: most agreements allow closure without giving a reason; some notify in cases like overdraft or suspected misuse.


OBSI处理了多少“取消关系”个案?

How many cases has OBSI investigated?

2019年11月以来,“关系终止/去银行化(debanking)”一直位列OBSI前五大银行投诉议题。
Since Nov 2019, debanking is among OBSI’s top five banking issues.

六年累计419宗;其中约60%涉及个人储蓄/支票账户,27%+涉及信用卡
Total 419 cases; ~60% personal chequing/savings; 27%+ credit cards.

2024年:开案94宗(占3.68%),较2023年108宗(占4.53%)略降。
2024: 94 cases (3.68%) vs. 2023: 108 (4.53%).

通常银行会给出30天通知,以便客户有时间转走业务。少见情况下,银行会不经通知直接关户并寄回资金
Banks typically give 30 days’ notice; rarely, accounts are shut without notice and money is sent to the customer.

OBSI的Mark Wright表示,他们通常认为银行给出的通知是合理的;评估标准包括是否遵循政策程序、对客户是否公平无偏见
Mark Wright (OBSI): they usually find reasonable notice; they assess policy compliance, fairness, and lack of bias.

“在少数情况下,若通知不足,我们会建议退还费用或补偿。”
“In rare cases, we may recommend refunds or compensation if notice was insufficient.”


要点速览(给读者的实用提示)

  • 银行可依法终止关系,普遍无需说明理由;但你可要求书面说明申诉渠道
  • 涉及海外来款、现金密集行业、赌场、加密资产等,会提高风控敏感度
  • 收到通知后尽快:开立新账户迁移自动存取款(如工资/养老金)、保留通信与流水
  • 认为不公?可向银行内部申诉→未果向OBSI投诉(注意时限与材料)。

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